The waters of the Dead Sea

As we stated earlier, the Dead Sea is a terminal lake which receives its inflow from the Jordan River in the north, from a few perennial springs and streams and from flash floods cascading down the mountain ravines. It has no outflow, with the dry heat of the Dead Sea region water slowly evaporating into the Air, leaving some of the salts in certain conditions to accumulate in the lake. This has produced one of the saltiest lakes in the world with an average salinity of 345g/l of salt per liter water, compared with the ocean’s 35g/l.}

The Sea of Life™'s (Dead Sea) location and its salinity make it a rare natural source for balneo/thalasso treatments which have been recognized for centuries.
The brine of the Dead Sea contains a unique array of salts, enriched with Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Bromine, Iron, Selenium, Zinc and relatively high concentrations of trace elements. The water has a high specific gravity and great buoyancy, making it easy to float on its surface.

The unique composition of the brine derives from the evaporation of seawater via the crystallization of the minerals, the addition of salts from land sources, the weathering of rocks and the the dissolution of trace elements.
The brine also contains high concentrations of trace elements.

Thermo-mineral Water:
According to Eckstein, there are many natural mineral springs and seepages in the area, as follows:

Two of these hot water springs are currently being exploited: Hammei Zohar (Zohar Hot Springs) and Hammei Mazor (Ein Gedi Hot Springs).

Hammei Zohar (Zohar Hot Springs)
The Zohar Hot Springs are located on the south-western shore of the Dead Sea.

The springs feed four spa facilities close by, which in turn offer a range of balneological services. Salinity and temperature depend on the depth from which the water is drilled.
The table below is a chemical analysis of Hammei Zohar spring water.

The water of the hot springs differs from the water of the Dead Sea and the balneological potentials differ as well.
Water analysis of the drill indicates a high content of magnesium, sodium and calcium. The main anion was chloride and also included sulfate and bicarbonate. Analysis also showed a high concentration of the following trace elements: bromide, iodine, lithium, strontium and magnesium. A high content of hydrogen sulfide was also found.

Hammei Mazor (Ein Gedi Hot Springs)

The water at the Hammei Mazor (Ein Gedi Hot Springs) are drilled from a depth of 48 meters underground. The temperature of the water at the drill measured 400C (104 F).

The table below is based on the analysis conducted by K.E. Quentin.

The main cautions found were magnesium, sodium and calcium with large quantities of trace elements such as bromide, iodine, strontium and manganese. Chloride is the main anion. General salinity was 13g/kg. The water contained a high concentration of hydrogen sulphide.
Thanks to the balneo-therapeutic properties of the sulphides in the thermo-mineral springs, the Dead Sea area has become a world-famous bathing facility and spa. It is known for the treatment of rheumatic diseases including muscular and soft tissue rheumatism, discopathies and other spinal column complaints.
The health facilities in the area offer thermo-mineral waters by means of pools and baths.